Carbon build-up on the intake valves
£500–£1,000
Direct injection sprays fuel into the cylinder rather than past the valve, so nothing washes the back of the intake valve and deposits accumulate. The car loses crispness, idles unevenly and eventually misfires. It is not a defect so much as a consequence of the injection system, which means it is scheduled work rather than bad luck, and a car with no record of it having been done has it building up.
The inlet manifold comes off and all eight ports are cleaned by hand, reported from around £500 upwards in the UK because it is slow work rather than difficult work.
Typically bites
Commonly quoted at roughly every 40,000 miles. An undocumented car past that is the question.
Verified against 3 published sources.